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| 1 | <?php |
| 2 | // This file is part of Moodle - https://moodle.org/ |
| 3 | // |
| 4 | // Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
| 5 | // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
| 6 | // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
| 7 | // (at your option) any later version. |
| 8 | // |
| 9 | // Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
| 10 | // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
| 11 | // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
| 12 | // GNU General Public License for more details. |
| 13 | // |
| 14 | // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
| 15 | // along with Moodle. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
| 16 | |
| 17 | namespace local_transcript\local; |
| 18 | |
| 19 | /** |
| 20 | * Issues, verifies and revokes transcripts. |
| 21 | * |
| 22 | * An issued transcript is a frozen JSON copy of the student's record, signed with HMAC-SHA256 using a |
| 23 | * secret only this site knows. Verifying recomputes the signature, so a record edited in the database |
| 24 | * shows as altered, and later grade changes never change a transcript that was already issued. |
| 25 | * |
| 26 | * @package local_transcript |
| 27 | * @copyright 2026 DevLMS <contact@devlms.com> |
| 28 | * @license https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later |
| 29 | */ |
| 30 | class registry { |
| 31 | /** @var string The record exists and its signature matches. */ |
| 32 | public const VALID = 'valid'; |
| 33 | /** @var string The record exists but was revoked. */ |
| 34 | public const REVOKED = 'revoked'; |
| 35 | /** @var string The record exists but its contents no longer match the signature. */ |
| 36 | public const ALTERED = 'altered'; |
| 37 | /** @var string No transcript has this code. */ |
| 38 | public const UNKNOWN = 'unknown'; |
| 39 | |
| 40 | /** @var string Code alphabet without 0, 1, I and O, which are easy to misread. */ |
| 41 | private const ALPHABET = '23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ'; |
| 42 | |
| 43 | /** |
| 44 | * The site's signing secret, created the first time it is needed. |
| 45 | * |
| 46 | * @return string |
| 47 | */ |
| 48 | public static function secret(): string { |
| 49 | $secret = (string) get_config('local_transcript', 'secret'); |
| 50 | if (strlen($secret) < 32) { |
| 51 | $secret = bin2hex(random_bytes(32)); |
| 52 | set_config('secret', $secret, 'local_transcript'); |
| 53 | } |
| 54 | return $secret; |
| 55 | } |
| 56 | |
| 57 | /** |
| 58 | * Issue a transcript for a student, signed and stored. |
| 59 | * |
| 60 | * @param int $userid The student. |
| 61 | * @return \stdClass The stored record. |
| 62 | */ |
| 63 | public static function issue(int $userid): \stdClass { |
| 64 | global $DB, $USER; |
| 65 | $record = (object) [ |
| 66 | 'userid' => $userid, |
| 67 | 'code' => self::new_code(), |
| 68 | 'payload' => json_encode(collector::collect($userid), JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES), |
| 69 | 'issuedby' => (int) $USER->id, |
| 70 | 'timecreated' => time(), |
| 71 | ]; |
| 72 | $record->signature = self::sign($record); |
| 73 | $record->id = $DB->insert_record('local_transcript', $record); |
| 74 | \local_transcript\event\transcript_issued::create([ |
| 75 | 'objectid' => $record->id, |
| 76 | 'relateduserid' => $userid, |
| 77 | 'context' => \context_system::instance(), |
| 78 | ])->trigger(); |
| 79 | return $record; |
| 80 | } |
| 81 | |
| 82 | /** |
| 83 | * Look a code up and check it. |
| 84 | * |
| 85 | * @param string $code As typed: case, spaces and dashes do not matter. |
| 86 | * @return \stdClass {status, record|null, data|null} |
| 87 | */ |
| 88 | public static function verify(string $code): \stdClass { |
| 89 | global $DB; |
| 90 | $code = self::normalise($code); |
| 91 | $record = $code === null ? false : $DB->get_record('local_transcript', ['code' => $code]); |
| 92 | if (!$record) { |
| 93 | return (object) ['status' => self::UNKNOWN, 'record' => null, 'data' => null]; |
| 94 | } |
| 95 | if (!hash_equals(self::sign($record), (string) $record->signature)) { |
| 96 | return (object) ['status' => self::ALTERED, 'record' => $record, 'data' => null]; |
| 97 | } |
| 98 | $status = $record->timerevoked ? self::REVOKED : self::VALID; |
| 99 | return (object) ['status' => $status, 'record' => $record, 'data' => json_decode($record->payload, true)]; |
| 100 | } |
| 101 | |
| 102 | /** |
| 103 | * Revoke a transcript. It still verifies, as revoked, so anyone holding a copy finds out. |
| 104 | * |
| 105 | * @param int $id |
| 106 | * @param string $reason |
| 107 | */ |
| 108 | public static function revoke(int $id, string $reason): void { |
| 109 | global $DB, $USER; |
| 110 | $record = $DB->get_record('local_transcript', ['id' => $id], '*', MUST_EXIST); |
| 111 | if ($record->timerevoked) { |
| 112 | return; |
| 113 | } |
| 114 | $DB->update_record('local_transcript', (object) ['id' => $id, 'revokedby' => (int) $USER->id, |
| 115 | 'revokedreason' => trim($reason), 'timerevoked' => time()]); |
| 116 | \local_transcript\event\transcript_revoked::create([ |
| 117 | 'objectid' => $id, |
| 118 | 'relateduserid' => $record->userid, |
| 119 | 'context' => \context_system::instance(), |
| 120 | 'other' => ['reason' => trim($reason)], |
| 121 | ])->trigger(); |
| 122 | } |
| 123 | |
| 124 | /** |
| 125 | * The URL of the public verify page for a code. |
| 126 | * |
| 127 | * @param string $code |
| 128 | * @return \moodle_url |
| 129 | */ |
| 130 | public static function verify_url(string $code): \moodle_url { |
| 131 | return new \moodle_url('/local/transcript/verify.php', ['code' => $code]); |
| 132 | } |
| 133 | |
| 134 | /** |
| 135 | * A code as stored (XXXX-XXXX-XXXX), or null when it cannot be one. |
| 136 | * |
| 137 | * @param string $code |
| 138 | * @return string|null |
| 139 | */ |
| 140 | public static function normalise(string $code): ?string { |
| 141 | $plain = preg_replace('/[^0-9A-Z]/', '', strtoupper($code)); |
| 142 | if (strlen($plain) !== 12) { |
| 143 | return null; |
| 144 | } |
| 145 | return implode('-', str_split($plain, 4)); |
| 146 | } |
| 147 | |
| 148 | /** |
| 149 | * Signature over the fields that make a transcript what it is. |
| 150 | * |
| 151 | * @param \stdClass $record |
| 152 | * @return string |
| 153 | */ |
| 154 | private static function sign(\stdClass $record): string { |
| 155 | $data = implode("\n", [$record->code, (int) $record->userid, (int) $record->timecreated, $record->payload]); |
| 156 | return hash_hmac('sha256', $data, self::secret()); |
| 157 | } |
| 158 | |
| 159 | /** |
| 160 | * A new, unused code. |
| 161 | * |
| 162 | * @return string |
| 163 | */ |
| 164 | private static function new_code(): string { |
| 165 | global $DB; |
| 166 | do { |
| 167 | $chars = ''; |
| 168 | for ($i = 0; $i < 12; $i++) { |
| 169 | $chars .= self::ALPHABET[random_int(0, strlen(self::ALPHABET) - 1)]; |
| 170 | } |
| 171 | $code = implode('-', str_split($chars, 4)); |
| 172 | } while ($DB->record_exists('local_transcript', ['code' => $code])); |
| 173 | return $code; |
| 174 | } |
| 175 | } |